Principle of CNC Milling Machine

The principle of a CNC milling machine is based on the coordinated movement of the cutting tool and the workpiece. The machine consists of a milling spindle that holds and rotates the cutting tool, and a worktable that holds the workpiece. The CNC control system interprets the programmed instructions, usually in the form of G - code and M - code.
G - code commands control the geometric movement of the tool, such as linear interpolation (G01), circular interpolation (G02, G03), and rapid traverse (G00). M - code commands manage machine functions like spindle speed (M03, M05), coolant on/off (M08, M09), and tool changes (M06).
The control system sends electrical signals to the servo - motors that drive the movement of the spindle and the worktable. As the spindle rotates the cutting tool at a high speed, the worktable moves the workpiece in multiple axes (usually X, Y, and Z axes) to position the material precisely under the cutting tool. The cutting tool then removes material from the workpiece in a controlled manner to achieve the desired shape and dimensions.